插电式混合动力汽车成为新的增长极
一、整体市场:单月反弹难掩累积压力
欧洲汽车制造商协会(ACEA)的最新数据显示,2025年8月,欧盟乘用车市场出现暂时性复苏,销量同比增长5.3%,达到677,786辆,结束了此前销售疲软的局面。
这一增长主要得益于德国和西班牙等核心市场需求回升,以及汽车制造商集中推出新车型以满足碳排放法规,从而刺激消费。
然而,从长期来看,市场基本面仍面临压力。2025年前八个月,
However, from a long-term perspective, market fundamentals remain under pressure. In the first eight months of 2025, 欧盟乘用车销售额同比下降0.1%,降幅几乎持平,反映出宏观经济的不确定性以及消费者观望情绪仍在持续抑制市场活动。
开源证券的一份研究报告指出,在高利率环境下,购车成本上升导致部分消费者推迟换车计划,从而在市场上形成了“低欲望周期”。这一趋势在法国和意大利等主要市场尤为明显。
A research report by Kaiyuan Securities points out that the rising cost of car purchases in a high-interest environment has led some consumers to postpone their car replacement plans, resulting in a "low desire cycle" in the market. This trend is particularly evident in major markets such as France and Italy.
二、动力系统结构:混动车型成为绝对主流,燃油车加速衰退
1. 混合动力:以34.7%的市场份额引领转型
在前八个月中,混合动力汽车(HEVs)以34.7%的市场份额保持领先地位,成为欧盟消费者向电动汽车过渡的首选。这一优势源于其技术成熟以及对各种使用场景的高度适应性。混合动力汽车无需外部充电,可融入现有的加油基础设施。其升级后的双电机架构实现了平稳的动力输出和高效的能量回收,完美满足城市通勤和郊区驾驶的多样化需求。
在法国、西班牙和德国等市场,混合动力汽车的区域销量均实现了两位数增长,其中法国增长超过34%。在高油价背景下,混合动力汽车的燃油经济性以及政策和税收激励措施共同维持了其市场主导地位。
2. 纯电动汽车:市场份额上升,但增长落后于目标
纯电动汽车(BEV)市场呈现“低基数增长”:今年前八个月市场份额达到15.8%,高于去年同期的12.6%,但仍远低于欧盟的脱碳转型目标。尽管8月份BEV销量同比增长30.2%,但在核心市场的表现参差不齐。德国贡献了大部分增长(8月份BEV销量为3.9万辆,同比增长45.7%),而法国则仅因基数效应和补贴政策实现月度回升。
阻碍纯电动汽车普及的核心瓶颈仍是:主流车型比燃油车贵20%至30%,450至550公里的续航里程难以满足长途出行需求,以及城市等区域充电基础设施不足。开源证券指出,纯电动汽车渗透率要实现大幅突破,需要新一代纯电平台车型大规模量产以及电池成本的下降。
3. 燃油汽车:市场份额一年内缩水10个百分点
传统燃油车市场的加速衰退已不可避免。2024年前八个月,汽油车和柴油车的合计市场份额从同期的47.6%骤降至37.5%。汽油车注册量下降19.7%,柴油车注册量下降25.7%。这一趋势源于欧盟即将于2025年实施的严格碳排放法规,要求新车二氧化碳排放量降至每公里93.6克。为避免罚款,汽车制造商被迫削减燃油车产能并提高价格,迫使消费者转向新能源汽车。
The core bottlenecks hindering the popularization of pure electric vehicles remain: mainstream models are 20%-30% more expensive than fuel vehicles, the 450-550 km range is insufficient for long-distance travel, and charging infrastructure is insufficient in areas such as urban areas. Kaiyuan Securities points out that a substantial breakthrough in BEV penetration will require the mass production of new-generation pure electric platform models and a reduction in battery costs.
3. Fuel-powered Vehicles: Market Share Shrinks 10 Percentage Points in One Year
The accelerated decline of the traditional fuel-powered vehicle market is inevitable. In the first eight months of 2024, the combined market share of gasoline and diesel vehicles plummeted from 47.6% in the same period to 37.5%. Gasoline vehicle registrations fell 19.7% and diesel vehicle registrations dropped 25.7%. This trend stems from the EU's stringent carbon emissions regulations, which will take effect in 2025. New car CO₂ emissions must be reduced to 93.6 grams per kilometer. To avoid fines, automakers are forced to reduce fuel-powered vehicle production capacity and increase prices, forcing consumers to switch to new energy vehicles.
三、结构亮点:插电式混合动力与中国汽车制造商的突破
插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)成为增长最快的细分市场,前八个月注册量达63.1万辆,市场份额达到8.8%。仅8月份的同比增长就达54.5%,标志着连续六个月保持强劲增长。
插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)的纯电续航里程可达50至80公里,足以满足日常通勤需求,同时保留的发动机可缓解续航焦虑。部分高端车型还配备了高压快充技术,使用体验接近纯电动汽车,是传统燃油车向纯电动车(BEV)过渡的理想选择。
值得注意的是,中国汽车制造商正利用插电式混合动力车的趋势,加快进军欧洲市场。今年前八个月,比亚迪在欧洲的销量同比增长280%,上汽销量增长19.7%。
它们的插电式混合动力车型分别占其销量的41%和49%。在欧盟对中国纯电动汽车征收高额关税的背景下,插电式混合动力车已成为中国品牌的突破口,直接影响欧洲本土汽车制造商的市场份额。
Notably, Chinese automakers are capitalizing on the plug-in hybrid trend to accelerate their entry into the European market. In the first eight months of the year, BYD's European sales surged 280% year-on-year, while SAIC's sales increased by 19.7%.
Their plug-in hybrid models accounted for 41% and 49% of their sales, respectively. Against the backdrop of the EU's imposition of high tariffs on Chinese pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrids have become a key breakthrough for Chinese brands, directly impacting the market share of domestic European automakers.


